Review article

DOI: 10.15287/afr.2019.1759

Scientific writing and publishing with IMRaD

Marius Teodosiu

Marius Teodosiu
"Marin Dracea" National Research-Ddevelopment Institute in Forestry. Email: marius.teodosiu@gmail.com

Online First: December 31, 2019
Teodosiu, M. 2019. Scientific writing and publishing with IMRaD. Annals of Forest Research DOI:10.15287/afr.2019.1759


The current trend of grading scientists depending on the amount and quality of scientific papers led to a pressure in publishing, which now tends to be reduced by opting for high-quality publications. Experimental research, the largest part of scientific research, is by far best presented in research articles – abbreviated IMRaD – a form of presentation developed in the last 100 years and now almost standardized. Even though writing seems simple to ever scientist, its rules can be learned by practice. It is of utmost importance that a well conducted science is presented in a properly written manuscript, as there are cases when one was delayed in publication due to a bad scientific writing. As with any other type of research papers, IMRaD also requires good knowledge when its main parts are concerned, in structuring its different sections, in using the most suitable language, in conducting the final improvements before submitting to a journal, or in interacting with other scientists during the peer-review process. Authors can follow the basic rules suggested in this paper and have to pay attention to the ethics of scientific writing throughout the development of their manuscript. The final reward, the publication, will be the accompanied by the reader satisfaction, the number of citations and, if it is the case, the mentoring of a young colleague in writing research.

Aad G. … Woods N., 2015. Combined Measurement of the Higgs Boson Mass in pp Collisions at root s=7 and 8 TeV with the ATLAS and CMS Experiments. Physical Review Letters 114: 191803. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.114.191803

Belt P., Mottonen M., Harkonen J., 2011. Tips for writing scientific articles. University of Oulu, 31 p.

Bourne P.E., Korngreen A., 2006. Ten simple rules for reviewers. PLoS Computational Biology, 2(9):0973-0974. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.0020110

Branson R.D., 2004. Anatomy of a Research Paper. Respiratory Care 49: 7.

Cargill M., O’Connor P., 2009. Writing scientific research articles: strategy and steps. Wiley-Blackwell, Chichester, UK ; Hoboken, NJ.

Carneiro M.A.A., Cangussú S.D., Fernandes G.W., 2007. Ethical abuses in the authorship of scientific papers. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 51: 1–5. DOI: 10.1590/S0085-56262007000100001

Clapham P., 2005. Publish or perish. AIBS Bulletin 55: 390–391. Day R.A., 1998. How to write & publish a scientific paper, 5th ed., Oryx Press, Phoenix, Az.

Day R.A., Gastel B., 1976. How to write and publish a scientific paper. Cambridge University Press.

Drotar D., 2009. Editorial: How to write an effective Results and Discussion for the Journal of Pediatric Psychology. Journal of Pediatric Psychology 34: 339–343. DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsp014

Fernandez-Llimos F., Minguet F., Salgado T.M. 2017. New pharmacy-specific Medical Subject Headings included in the 2017 database. American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy 74(15): 1128-1129.

Gemayel R., 2016. How to write a scientific paper. The FEBS Journal 283: 3882–3885. Hartemink A.E., 1999. Publish or perish (2) How much we write. Bulletin of the International Union of Soil Sciences 96: 16-23.

Hengl T., Gould M., 2002. Rules of thumb for writing research articles. Web: https://webapps.itc.utwente.nl/librarywww/papers/hengl_rules.pdf. Accessed 12.2019.

Hess D.R., 2004. How to write an effective discussion. Respiratory Care 49: 1238-1241. ICMJE, 2017. Recommendations for the conduct, reporting, editing and publication of scholarly work in medical journals. Current Pediatrics 16: 90-106. DOI: 10.15690/vsp.v16i2.1710

Jenicek M., 2006. How to read, understand, and write ’Discussion’ sections in medical articles. An exercise in critical thinking. Medical Science Monitor 12: SR28-SR36.

Jones A.H., 2003. Can authorship policies help prevent scientific misconduct? What role for scientific societies? Science and Engineering Ethics 9: 243-256. DOI: 10.1007/s11948-003-0011-3

Kallestinova E.D., 2011. How to write your first research paper. The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine 84: 181.

Kampourakis K., 2016. Publish or Perish? Science & Education 25: 249-250. DOI: 10.1007/s11191-016-9828-4

Katchburian E., 2008. Publish or perish: a provocation. Sao Paulo Medical Journal 126: 200-203.

Leung W. … Elgin S.C.R., 2015. Drosophila Muller F elements maintain a distinct set of genomic properties over 40 million years of evolution. G3: Genes, Genomes, Genetics g3.114.015966. DOI: 10.1534/g3.114.015966

Link J.M., 2015. Publish or perish … but where? What is the value of impact factors? Nuclear Medicine and Biology 42: 426-427. DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2015.01.004

Lippi G., 2017. How do I write a scientific article? A personal perspective. Annals of Translational Medicine 5: 416-416. DOI: 10.21037/atm.2017.07.43

Marshall I.J., Wallace B.C. 2019. Toward systematic review automation: a practical guide to using machine learning tools in research synthesis. Systematic reviews 8(1): 163. DOI: 10.1186/s13643-019-1074-9

Miller A.N., Taylor S.G., Bedeian A.G., 2011. Publish or perish: academic life as management faculty live it. Career Development International 16: 422-445. DOI: 10.1108/13620431111167751

Pearce P.F., Ferguson L.A., 2017. How to write abstracts for manuscripts, presentations, and grants: Maximizing information in a 30-s sound bite world: How to write abstracts for manuscripts, presentations, and grants. Journal of the American Association of Nurse Practitioners 29: 452-460. DOI: 10.1002/2327-6924.12486

Perneger T.V., 2004. Writing a research article: advice to beginners. International Journal for Quality in Health Care 16: 191-192. DOI: 10.1093/intqhc/mzh053

Ripple W.J., Wolf C., Newsome T.M., Galetti M., Alamgir M., Crist E., Mahmoud M.I., Laurance W.F., 2017. World scientists’ warning to humanity: A second notice. BioScience 67: 1026-1028. DOI: 10.1093/biosci/bix125

Rosner, J.L, 1990. Reflections of science as a product. Nature 345.6271: 108-108. DOI: 10.1038/345108a0

Rubin F., Maisonneuve H., Martin C., Laccourreye O., 2017. Write your first article, but … European Annals of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Diseases 134: 371-372. DOI: 10.1016/j.anorl.2017.09.002

Sanal M., 2006. Where are we going in science? Publish and perish! Current Science-Bangalore 90: 1169.

Shah J.N., 2017. How to write abstract for a scientific journal article. Journal of Patan Academy of Health Sciences 4: 1-2.

Shidham V., DeMay R., Pitman M., 2012. How to write an article: Preparing a publishable manuscript! CytoJournal 9: 1. DOI: 10.4103/1742-6413.92545

Shokeir A.A., 2014. How to write a medical original article: Advice from an Editor. Arab Journal of Urology 12: 71-78. DOI: 10.1016/j.aju.2013.10.006

Strange K., 2008. Authorship: why not just toss a coin? American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 295: C567-C575. DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00208.2008

Vollmer W.M., 2007. Responsibilities of authorship. Chest 132(6): 2042-2045. DOI: 10.1378/chest.07-2051


No Supplimentary Material available for this article.
No metrics available for this article.

Related Articles

Related Authors

  

In Google Scholar

In Annals of Forest Research

In Google Scholar
 
  • Marius Teodosiu
    		•
  • Marius Teodosiu
    		•